Figure 5. The pressure-relief dampers will open and close automatically. The blades are kept closed by magnets. If the differential pressure exceeds the set maximum value, the magnetic force is overcome, and the blades open.

The airflow by which the excess pressure has been caused can now flow through the damper. The door will affect the pressure and causes it to drop when opened, sufficient air supply is needed to ensure the pressure remains as same to prevent the entry of smoke.

Supply Air Grille Central fans are installed in the building to bring in the external air and then supply the fresh air through air grille into an external space.

Diffuser in the building are located at the edge of ductwork of buildings where the supplied air is released into the room. Circular louvre bladed, and linear slot diffuser can be seen installed in Quill 9. Where room, window or wall air-conditioning units are provided as means of air-conditioning, such units shall be capable of continuously introducing fresh air. Location of supply air grille: Figure 5. However, this also applied from Level 1 to level 5. However, this also applied from Level 6 to level 8.

Analysis and Observations: The supply ventilation system in Quill 9 performs very well as the fresh air is continually introduce into the interior space. The stale air is replaced with fresh air, hence, the indoor air quality in Quill 9 is good.

Besides, the air movement created by the systems improved the comfort of occupants in Quill 9. The fresh air will flow through the connecting ductwork and expel out through the air grille. These are used for an alternative air distribution pattern and for aesthetic reasons.

Air can be delivered around the perimeter of a room as opposed to point sources interposed in a ceiling space. The exhaust systems in Quill 9 are found located in the toilet, utilities rooms and basement. Location: Toilet Figure 5. However, this also applied from Level 1 to level 7. Exhaust grille are used to remove odors from a room and also help to absorb the moisture in the atmosphere within the room and as a result in reduction in problems such as mold.

Location of rectangular galvanized ducting: Figure 5. Rectangular galvanized ducting Rectangular galvanized ducting Rectangular galvanized ducting Figure 5. The air condition in underground is usually hot and stuffy, with the aid of exhaust ventilation system, the stale air will be removed out. With the helping of axial fan, the ductwork connects from the internal part of the carpark and direct outwards to the entrance and exit of the basement to expel the air Gen set room Water pump room Chiller plant room Lift motor room Figure 5.

The usage of the exhaust fan in the gen set room is to maintain the humidity and also internal room temperature, it helps to remove the heat generated from the machinery out the room through the exhaust fan.

The exhaust system here to remove the water vapor and reduce the humidity that caused by the escape of water vapor from all the pumps.

It is to prevent condensation of bacteria and the growth of mold in the piping system. The heat generated out from the machinery are remove from the room through the exhaust fan. However, the axial fan is not operating all the time. The condition of the sub-basement carpark is more comfortable than the basement carpark as the sub-basement is partially opened air.

However, the basement carpark is not that comfortable due to the heated air are accumulated down there. The exhaust system in the utilized room is well organized and planned. They are well-maintained and functioning well. Exhaust Fan a. Propeller Fan b. Axial Fan II. Ductwork a. Cylindrical aluminium ducting b. Rectangular galvanized ducting III.

Damper a. Fire damper b. Pressure relief damper IV. Diffuser a. Circular louvre bladed diffuser b. Linear slot diffuser c. Single grille air outlet 5. However, exhaust fans are not only used to provide cooler air, but also to eliminate humidity.

Besides, exhaust fan systems are also useful to reduce odours from a room to keep the fresh air circulating within a space. There are few types of exhaust fans can be found in Quill 9. As a necessary by product, refrigeration creates waste heat that must be exhausted to ambience.

Hence, the propeller fan plays the role of removing the hot air from the chiller plant room to prevent overheating of the wire and mechanical components in the room. It removes the heated air away in the basement and draw cooler air over. They are pointed toward a certain direction to ensure the air movement. Basement or underground car parks shall be provided with mechanical ventilation such that the air exhausted to the external atmosphere should constitute not less than six air changes per hour.

Air extract opening shall be arranged such that it is not less than 0. Location of axial fan Direction of axial fan pointing to It serves as a conduits or passages used in heating, ventilation, and air conditioning HVAC to deliver and remove air from a room. Ductwork comes in different shapes and sized which will also effect the efficiency and sustainability. They are usually made from aluminium, copper and galvanized materials. There are few types of ducting can be found in Quill 9.

Its cylindrical shape works more efficiently as less frictional force is created within the circular shape. The rectangular ducts are designed to withstand strong vibrations and various level of pressure that occur during operations of air conditioning systems.

At the basement car park, they serve the purpose of channelling air out from the internal space. A damper may be used to cut off central air conditioning to an unused room, or to regulate it for room-by-room temperature and climate control.

Its operation can be manual or automatic. Few types of damper can be found in Quill 9. It is to prevent the spread of fire inside the ductwork through fire-resistance rated walls and floors. When a rise in temperature occurs, the fire damper closes.

It acts as a pressure relief damper which helps to reduce the pressure created by the supply ventilated pressured staircases system. A grille is a device for supplying or extracting air vertically without any deflection. However, a diffuser normally has profiled blades to direct the air at an angle a it leaves the unit into the space.

They can be come in different sizes and shapes which serve different functions as well. They are used to diffuse the air supply coming from the internal ducting that connect to the central supply fan. The curve blades deflect air in one, two , three or four directions depending on where the diffuser is situated. Air can be delivered around the perimeter of a space as opposed to point sources interposed in a ceiling space. The single grille function as an outlet for the hot air drew by the exhaust fan in the utility room like elevator control room in Quill 9.

They help to avoid overheating from damaging the mechanical devices in these room. It also serves as an outlet for humid air drew out from the sprinkler pump room as well. They have complete mechanical ventilation system which included air diffusers, propeller fan, exhaust grille, exhaust fan, fire damper, axial fan, ductwork and etc. It viably flows the air and control the temperature inside the Quill 9.

The supply air grille ventilation system assumes a decent part in ensure the buildings ventilated throughout the day. Besides, the exhaust ventilation system installed are also functioning in a satisfactory way, the ductworks are arranged in orderly and organized way. In conclusion, the mechanical ventilation system of the building should be maintained in this level to ensure the occupant have a better indoor air quality and also the thermal comfort of the occupant can be guarantee.

In office building such as Quill 9, it has the plant room where all the important units like the compressor, condenser, throttling valve and the evaporator are housed. The evaporator is a shell and tube. On the tube side the Freon fluid passes at extremely low temperature, while on the shell side the brine solution is passed.

After passing through the evaporator, the brine solution gets chilled and is pumped to the various air handling units installed at different floors of the building. The air handling units comprise the cooling coil through which the chilled brine flows, and the blower.

The blower sucks hot return air from the room via ducts and blows it over the cooling coil. The cool air is then supplied to the space to be cooled through the ducts. The brine solution which has absorbed the room heat comes back to the evaporator, gets chilled and is again pumped back to the air handling unit. Figure 6. By using HVAC system in Quill 9 is to provide thermal comfort and acceptable indoor air quality by able to control air temperature, relative humidity, air movement and air purification through the usage of mechanical equipment.

The objectives of having building automation in Quill 9 are to improve occupant comfort, efficient operation of building systems, reduction in energy consumption and operating costs, and improved life cycle of utilities. The air conditioning control system is located together with other control system such as lift emergency signal panel and fire emergency system. It is able to achieve optimum cooling when it is placed at an elevated position such as the roof.

From there, fresh air-conditioning is supplied from several AHU rooms on every floor of Quill 9 to the rest of the spaces within building via ductworks and diffusers. Air enters through one or more vertical faces of the cooling tower to meet the fill material. The air continues through the fill and thus past the water flow into an open plenum volume. The water is collected at the sump below and pumped into the water outlet pipe that connects to the chiller.

Lastly, a fan forces the moisture laden air out into the atmosphere. An air cooled condenser unit used in central air conditioning systems typically has a heat exchanger section to cool down and condense incoming refrigerant vapor into liquid, a compressor to raise the pressure of the refrigerant and move it along, and a fan for blowing outside air through the heat exchanger section to cool the refrigerant inside.

The photos have shown different design of condenser units which placed outside of the building. Quill 9 has used water cooled chillers which are placed in the plant room where the chiller is directly connected with the cooling towers and work as a whole. It is function to generate cold water for air conditioning by removing the unwanted heat from the building. The heat from the chillers are circulated to the cooling towers that are placed outdoor. The chiller produces chilled water and pushes it around the building to air handling units and fan coils.

The heat exchanger which is installed inside of an air handling unit extract the unwanted heat before the air is distributed throughout the building. The evaporator of the chiller generates chilled water and pumped it into Air Handling Units which are placed around the building.

The unwanted heat from Air Handling Units return back to the chiller at 12 degrees to generate chilled water again. Heat that is picked up in the condenser is pumped to the cooling tower, where the air dissipates and rejects the heat from the building and return back to the chiller at 27 degrees.

It functions as to circulate chilled water through the evaporator, air handling units AHU and fan coil units FCU located at different parts of the building. Refrigerant evaporates in the evaporator by absorbing latent heat from the circulated water. Blowers of AHU and FCU will blow air towards the cooling coils to transfer heat from the circulating air to the chilled water. The treated cold air is then circulated to the air-conditioned spaces.

After absorbing heat from the cooling coils, the chilled water is pumped back again to the evaporator of the chiller to cool down, the cycle is then repeated. The centrifugal compressor has two large cylinders, one is called the evaporator and the other is called the condenser. The evaporator of the chiller is where the chilled water is generated.

The chilled water is then piped throughout the building and connected to air handling unit AHU. The main components are the compressor, condenser, and evaporator. The first is refrigeration circuit, where is the refrigerant which passes around each of the four components compressor, condenser, expansion valve and evaporator.

The secondary circuit is the chilled water loop, where heat from the air handling units at 12 degrees, sent to the evaporator and back again to the building. The third circuit is the condenser circuit, where the heat is being sent to the cooling tower and coming back to the condenser to pick up more heat.

The air handling units comprise of the cooling coil, air filter, the blower and the supply and return air ducts. When the chilled water flows through the cooling coil. The blower absorbs the return hot air from the air conditioned space and blows it over the cooling coil thus cooling the air.

This cooled air passes over the air filter and is passed by the supply air ducts into the space which is to be air conditioned. The air handling unit and the ducts passing through it are insulated to reduce the loss of the cooling effect. Inside of the ductwork it consists a fan to suck in fresh ambient outside air which will then pass through filters to remove dusts and dirt.

The air will after that pass through the cooling and heating coil and pushed out around the building. Another set of ductwork will be collecting warm used air from these rooms and will bring this back to the AHU via another fan.

They are usually amplified by fans in the return air duct return fans pushing the air into the AHU. A region of low pressure is established by the fan positioned before the supply spigot. This further drives in the air through the mixing chambers into the chilled water coils, where the heat exchange occurs. It is also designed to mix conditioned air with the air which is already in the space. This is to properly distribute fresh air into the space and to avoid stagnant air via low-velocity air movement, this also helps ventilates the space.

Inverter units allows desired temperature to be achieved at a faster rate. Most of the split units are located in office room and the condenser are placed outside of the office which is at the carpark. These alarms will be activated through automatic means such as smoke, heat or flame detectors.

Alarms can also be activated manually through fire alarm activation devices such as manual call points or pull stations. Whenever smokes are getting severe, it can be sensed and send audio signal to the occupants. It can also be called smoke alarm. Smoke detectors which are set up on the ceiling of Quill 9 in the lift lobby, machinery room and the emergency exits.

Whenever there is a fire, smoke will be detected by smoke detector and it will trigger alarm systems to start a loud noise in order to warn the occupants in the building to seek safety.

Location of all smoke detector total 12 refer to 5th floor plan Figure 7. It can be activated by breaking the glass then the signal will be transderred to the monitor to show where the location is. Location of all manual call point total 10 refer to 5th floor plan Figure 7. It can be stopped or reset by opening the key ignition panel with the specific key.

Hence, alarm is reset from the fire alarm control panel when the handle is back to its original position. Some mounting height of the manual pull stations are at a lower height so that the disabled people can operate the stations. Manual pull stations are located on escape routes, exits points to open year.

It alerts the people to escape from the building before the fire burns tragically. Location of all fire alarm bell total 10 refer to 5th floor plan Figure 7. There are 10 fire alarm bells can be found in 5th floor of Quill 9. During a fire, activation of an alarm with the sufficient amount fire alarm bells in just a floor, occupants should be able to get noticed when the bells activate and escaped from the building before the fire engulfs them.

As for alarm bells, a minimum sound level of 65db A or 5db A above ambient noise level sustainable for a period of minimum 20 seconds should be produced by Sounder Unit. The alarm are mounted on the wall at a minimum height of 2.

When buildings are installed with fireman intercom systems, it helps the firefighters to instantly change their plans to fight a fire. This can be a life saving component of a fire response.

Using this system, it can reduce the possibility of false alarms. From Quill 9, fireman intercom system has been found and they do consider about the safety measure. Figure 7. There's no signup, and no start or end dates. Knowledge is your reward. Use OCW to guide your own life-long learning, or to teach others. We don't offer credit or certification for using OCW. Made for sharing. Download files for later. Send to friends and colleagues.

Modify, remix, and reuse just remember to cite OCW as the source. Lecture Notes. Need help getting started? Don't show me this again Welcome! Introduction PDF. Building facilities — Plumbing fixtures, water, waste, 15 soil, piping Fire Protection Systems Energy source — Electrical power, gas, oil Water supply — Flow rate and available pressure at water main, location.

Separate service or combination with plumbing water supply Water storage — Lake, pond, storage tanks locations and capacities Fire and smoke detection — Thermal and smoke detectors Fire containment — Fire shutters, compartmentalization Smoke containment and evacuation — Smoke exhaust and pressure controls Stairway smoke prevention — Stair pressurization 16 Fire annunciation — Fire alarm, public address, fire department connections Fire extinguishing — Portable extinguishers, automatic sprinklers water, mist, dry chemical, foam, special gases, etc.

Fire fighting — Fire hose and standpipe systems Lightning protection — Air terminals, grounding conductors, etc. Electrical Systems Include power, lighting, and auxiliary systems. The proliferation of electrical and electronic systems in building applications has greatly expanded the scope of electrical systems and has had a drastic impact on construction costs and the complexity of planning.

The list should be expanded or condensed to fit the needs of a specific project. Power Systems Normal energy source — Utility power or on-site power location and capacity ; power characteristics phase and voltage ; service entrance overhead, underground ; service requirements substations, transformer vaults ; etc.

Emergency power source — Separate utility service or on-site standby generators location and capacity Interior power distribution — Primary or secondary voltages, unit substations, distribution panels, etc. On-floor distribution — Floor boxes, under-floor ducts, integrated cellular floors, raised floors, ceiling-cavity conduit network, etc. Emergency power distribution — For critical equipment and emergency lighting loads Uninterruptible power systems UPS — For critical building operations such as computers and communication networks; power storage battery banks Power for building systems — HVAC, plumbing, sanitary, fire protection, etc.

Power for building operational equipment — Food service, waste disposal, laundry, garage, entertainment equipment, etc. Power for vertical transportation systems — Interface with elevator consultant on power and controls for elevators and escalators 20 Exit lighting — Exit signs, exit way evacuation route light Exterior lighting — Site, landscape, building facade, aircraft warning lights, etc.

Auxiliary Systems Telephone and telecommunication — Type, number of lines and stations, switchboard manual, PBX , basic and special features, facsimile, modem, etc. Data distribution systems — Multiple conductor cables, twisted pairs, coaxial cables, Fibre optic cables, wire closets, etc. MatiyosSahle Jan. Melissa Adams Nov. I don't have enough time write it by myself.

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